Separation anxiety in dogs

Separation anxiety is a common behavioural issue that affects many dogs. It occurs when a dog becomes overly anxious when separated from its owner or primary caretaker. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help pet owners effectively manage this condition, improving the quality of life for both the dog and the owner.

What is Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

Separation anxiety in dogs is a distress response that occurs when a dog is left alone or separated from its primary attachment figure, usually the owner. Unlike normal canine behaviour, where a dog might miss their owner but remains calm, dogs with separation anxiety exhibit extreme distress and panic. This condition is more than just a case of missing their owner; it can lead to destructive behaviours, excessive barking, and even physical harm to the dog.

What Are the Symptoms of Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

The symptoms of separation anxiety can vary in intensity, but common dog anxiety symptoms include:

• Excessive Barking or Howling: Dogs may vocalise their distress loudly and continuously.
• Destructive Behaviour: Chewing furniture, digging at doors, and other destructive behaviours are typical.
• Pacing: Dogs with separation anxiety often pace back and forth, especially near doors or windows.
• House Soiling: Even house-trained dogs might wee or poo indoors when left alone.
• Escape Attempts: Some dogs may try to escape from rooms or crates, potentially injuring themselves in the process.
• Excessive Drooling or Panting: Increased salivation and heavy breathing can be signs of stress.

Recognising these symptoms is the first step in addressing the issue.

How Can I Help My Dog With Separation Anxiety?

Helping a dog with separation anxiety involves a combination of training, environmental management, and, in some cases, medication. Here are some strategies to help:

• Gradual Desensitisation: Slowly increase the time your dog spends alone. Start with short absences and gradually extend the duration.
• Create a Safe Space: Designate a comfortable area where your dog feels secure. This could be a specific room or crate.
• Mental Stimulation: Provide toys, frozen Lickimats, and long lasting chews such as lamb horns or olive wood dog chews to keep your dog occupied when you’re away (avoid treats that could be a choking hazard).
• Exercise: A well-exercised dog is more likely to relax when left alone. Ensure your dog gets plenty of physical and mental stimulation before you leave.
• Stay Calm During Departures and Arrivals: Avoid making a big deal out of leaving or returning home, as this can increase your dog’s anxiety.

What Causes Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

The exact cause of separation anxiety in dogs isn't always clear, but several factors can contribute to its development:

• Change in Routine: Dogs thrive on routine. Changes in schedule, such as a new job or moving to a new home, can trigger anxiety.
• Lack of Socialisation: Dogs that haven't been properly socialised or have experienced a lack of interaction may be more prone to anxiety.
• Traumatic Experiences: Dogs that have been abandoned, rehomed, or have experienced a traumatic event may develop separation anxiety.
• Genetic Predisposition: Some breeds are more prone to anxiety, suggesting a genetic component.

Understanding the root cause can help in tailoring an effective treatment plan.

Are Certain Dog Breeds Prone To Separation Anxiety?

Yes, certain dog breeds are indeed more prone to separation anxiety than others. While any dog can develop separation anxiety, some breeds are more predisposed due to their temperament, genetics, and the strong bonds they tend to form with their human families.

Breeds Prone to Separation Anxiety:

1. Labrador Retrievers: These dogs are known for their loyalty and strong attachment to their owners. They thrive on human interaction and may become anxious when left alone for long periods.

2. Border Collies: Highly intelligent and active, Border Collies often need constant mental and physical stimulation. Lack of activity and being left alone can lead to anxiety.

3. German Shepherds: Loyal and protective, German Shepherds form strong bonds with their owners. They can become anxious or destructive when separated from their family members.

4. Cocker Spaniels: This breed is known for being affectionate and sociable. Cocker Spaniels may become overly attached to their owners, leading to separation anxiety.

5. Vizslas: Often referred to as "velcro dogs" due to their need to be close to their owners, Vizslas can suffer from separation anxiety when left alone.

6. Italian Greyhounds: These dogs are known for being sensitive and clingy, making them more likely to experience anxiety when separated from their owners.

7. Toy Breeds (e.g., Chihuahuas, Maltese): Smaller breeds often form strong attachments to their owners and may become anxious when left alone.

8. Australian Shepherds: These dogs are highly energetic and intelligent, requiring constant stimulation and companionship. They can develop anxiety if their needs aren't met.

How Do I Train My Dog to Overcome Separation Anxiety?

Dog separation anxiety training involves consistent, patient, and positive reinforcement techniques:

• Gradual Training: Start by practicing short separations while you’re still at home, such as leaving the room for a few minutes.
• Use Commands: Teach your dog commands like "stay" and practice them while you move away. Gradually increase the distance and duration.
• Counter-Conditioning: Pair your departures with something your dog loves, such as a special treat or toy. Over time, your dog will associate your leaving with positive experiences.
• Professional Training: In severe cases, consulting a professional dog trainer or behaviourist can be beneficial.

What Are the Best Treatments for Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

The best dog anxiety treatment combines behavioural training with possible medical interventions:

• Behavioural Training: Consistent training and desensitisation are crucial. This should be the cornerstone of any treatment plan.
• Medications: In severe cases, veterinarians may prescribe anti-anxiety medications or natural supplements to help calm your dog. These are often used in conjunction with training.
• Pheromone Diffusers: Products like Adaptil mimic calming pheromones that can reduce anxiety in dogs.

Can Separation Anxiety in Dogs Be Cured?

While it may not be possible to completely cure separation anxiety in all dogs, it can be significantly managed and reduced. With the right combination of training, environmental management, and, if necessary, medication, many dogs show marked improvement over time.

How Long Does It Take to Treat Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the anxiety and the consistency of the training. Mild cases may see improvement in a few weeks, while more severe cases could take months or even longer. Patience and consistency are key to success.

Are There Medications for Separation Anxiety in Dogs?

Yes, there are medications available that can help manage separation anxiety in dogs:

• Prescription Medications: Veterinarians may prescribe medications like fluoxetine (Prozac) or clomipramine (Clomicalm) to help reduce anxiety.
• Natural Supplements: Supplements containing ingredients like L-theanine, valerian root, scullcap and chamomile may also help in managing anxiety symptoms.
• Over-the-Counter Options: Some calming treats or over-the-counter supplements may also be effective for mild cases.

How Do I Know If My Dog Has Separation Anxiety?

To determine if your dog has separation anxiety, observe their behaviour when you’re preparing to leave and during your absence. If they exhibit symptoms like excessive barking, destructive behaviour, or extreme distress, it’s likely they are suffering from separation anxiety. A professional dog behaviourist can also help diagnose the condition through observation and possibly a behaviour assessment.

Separation anxiety in dogs is a challenging but manageable condition. By understanding dog anxiety symptoms, implementing dog separation anxiety training, and exploring dog anxiety treatment options, you can help your dog overcome their fears and live a happier, more relaxed life. While it may not always be possible to cure dog separation anxiety quickly, consistent efforts will lead to significant improvements over time.

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With Wags and Woofs,

Laura, Dolly, Reggie & Bear